Publications

{Quantifying Cloud Performance and Dependability: Taxonomy, Metric Design, and Emerging Challenges}. Herbst, Nikolas; Bauer, Andr{é}; Kounev, Samuel; Oikonomou, Giorgos; van Eyk, Erwin; Kousiouris, George; Evangelinou, Athanasia; Krebs, Rouven; Brecht, Tim; Abad, Cristina L.; Iosup, Alexandru; in ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems (ToMPECS) (2018). 3(4) 19:1–19:36. ACM, New York, NY, USA.

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@article{HeBaKoOiEyKoEvKrBrAbIo2018-TOMPECS-CloudMetrics,
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Herbst, Nikolas and Bauer, Andr{\'e} and Kounev, Samuel and Oikonomou, Giorgos and van Eyk, Erwin and Kousiouris, George and Evangelinou, Athanasia and Krebs, Rouven and Brecht, Tim and Abad, Cristina L. and Iosup, Alexandru},
  journal = {ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems (ToMPECS)},
  keywords = {SPEC},
  month = {08},
  number = 4,
  pages = {19:1–19:36},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {{Quantifying Cloud Performance and Dependability: Taxonomy, Metric Design, and Emerging Challenges}},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2018
}

%0 Journal Article
%1 HeBaKoOiEyKoEvKrBrAbIo2018-TOMPECS-CloudMetrics
%A Herbst, Nikolas
%A Bauer, Andr{é}
%A Kounev, Samuel
%A Oikonomou, Giorgos
%A van Eyk, Erwin
%A Kousiouris, George
%A Evangelinou, Athanasia
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Brecht, Tim
%A Abad, Cristina L.
%A Iosup, Alexandru
%C New York, NY, USA
%D 2018
%I ACM
%J ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems (ToMPECS)
%N 4
%P 19:1--19:36
%T {Quantifying Cloud Performance and Dependability: Taxonomy, Metric Design, and Emerging Challenges}
%U http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3236332
%V 3

{Ready for Rain? A View from SPEC Research on the Future of Cloud Metrics}. (SPEC-RG-2016-01), Herbst, Nikolas; Krebs, Rouven; Oikonomou, Giorgos; Kousiouris, George; Evangelinou, Athanasia; Iosup, Alexandru; Kounev, Samuel; (2016). SPEC Research Group --- Cloud Working Group, Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC).

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@techreport{SPEC-RG-2016-01-CloudMetrics,
  author = {Herbst, Nikolas and Krebs, Rouven and Oikonomou, Giorgos and Kousiouris, George and Evangelinou, Athanasia and Iosup, Alexandru and Kounev, Samuel},
  institution = {SPEC Research Group — Cloud Working Group, Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)},
  keywords = {Reliability},
  number = {SPEC-RG-2016-01},
  title = {{Ready for Rain? A View from SPEC Research on the Future of Cloud Metrics}},
  year = 2016
}

%0 Report
%1 SPEC-RG-2016-01-CloudMetrics
%A Herbst, Nikolas
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Oikonomou, Giorgos
%A Kousiouris, George
%A Evangelinou, Athanasia
%A Iosup, Alexandru
%A Kounev, Samuel
%D 2016
%N SPEC-RG-2016-01
%T {Ready for Rain? A View from SPEC Research on the Future of Cloud Metrics}
%U https://research.spec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/rg_cloud/endorsed_publications/SPEC-RG-2016-01_CloudMetrics.pdf

Performance Isolation in Multi-Tenant Applications. Krebs, Rouven; (2015, August). Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.

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@phdthesis{Krebs2015-phd,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven},
  keywords = {descartes},
  month = {08},
  school = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany},
  title = {Performance Isolation in Multi-Tenant Applications},
  year = 2015
}

%0 Thesis
%1 Krebs2015-phd
%A Krebs, Rouven
%D 2015
%T Performance Isolation in Multi-Tenant Applications

{Platform-as-a-Service Architecture for Performance Isolated Multi-Tenant Applications}. Krebs, Rouven; Loesch, Manuel; Kounev, Samuel; in Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (IEEE Cloud 2014) (2014). IEEE.

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{Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) often shares one single application instance among different tenants to reduce costs. However, sharing potentially leads to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. This is a significant problem as performance is one of the major obstacles for cloud customers. The application does intentionally not manage hardware resources, and the operating system is not aware of application level entities like tenants which makes the performance control a challenge. In case the SaaS is hosted on a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), the SaaS developer usually wants to control performance-related issues according to individual needs, and available information is even more limited. Thus, it is difficult to control the performance of different tenants to keep them isolated. Existing work focuses on concrete methods to provide performance isolation in systems where the whole stack is under control. In this paper we present a concrete PaaS enhancement which enables application developers to realize isolation methods for their hosted SaaS application. In a case study we evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of the enhancement in different environments.}

@inproceedings{KrLoKo2014_CLOUD_Framework,
  abstract = {{Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) often shares one single application instance among different tenants to reduce costs. However, sharing potentially leads to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. This is a significant problem as performance is one of the major obstacles for cloud customers. The application does intentionally not manage hardware resources, and the operating system is not aware of application level entities like tenants which makes the performance control a challenge. In case the SaaS is hosted on a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), the SaaS developer usually wants to control performance-related issues according to individual needs, and available information is even more limited. Thus, it is difficult to control the performance of different tenants to keep them isolated. Existing work focuses on concrete methods to provide performance isolation in systems where the whole stack is under control. In this paper we present a concrete PaaS enhancement which enables application developers to realize isolation methods for their hosted SaaS application. In a case study we evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of the enhancement in different environments.}},
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Loesch, Manuel and Kounev, Samuel},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (IEEE Cloud 2014)},
  keywords = {Application_quality_of_service_management},
  month = {07},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  title = {{Platform-as-a-Service Architecture for Performance Isolated Multi-Tenant Applications}},
  year = 2014
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrLoKo2014_CLOUD_Framework
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Loesch, Manuel
%A Kounev, Samuel
%B Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (IEEE Cloud 2014)
%D 2014
%I IEEE
%T {Platform-as-a-Service Architecture for Performance Isolated Multi-Tenant Applications}
%X {Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) often shares one single application instance among different tenants to reduce costs. However, sharing potentially leads to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. This is a significant problem as performance is one of the major obstacles for cloud customers. The application does intentionally not manage hardware resources, and the operating system is not aware of application level entities like tenants which makes the performance control a challenge. In case the SaaS is hosted on a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), the SaaS developer usually wants to control performance-related issues according to individual needs, and available information is even more limited. Thus, it is difficult to control the performance of different tenants to keep them isolated. Existing work focuses on concrete methods to provide performance isolation in systems where the whole stack is under control. In this paper we present a concrete PaaS enhancement which enables application developers to realize isolation methods for their hosted SaaS application. In a case study we evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of the enhancement in different environments.}

{Resource Usage Control In Multi-Tenant Applications}. Krebs, Rouven; Spinner, Simon; Ahmed, Nadia; Kounev, Samuel; in Proceedings of the 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid 2014) (2014). 122–131. IEEE/ACM.

Acceptance Rate: 19\% (54/283)

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{Multi-tenancy is an approach to share one application instance among multiple customers by providing each of them a dedicated view. This approach is commonly used by SaaS providers to reduce the costs for service provisioning. Tenants also expect to be isolated in terms of the performance they observe and the providers inability to offer performance guarantees is a major obstacle for potential cloud customers. To guarantee an isolated performance it is essential to control the resources used by a tenant. This is a challenge, because the layers of the execution environment, responsible for controlling resource usage (e.g., operating system), normally do not have knowledge about entities defined at the application level and thus they cannot distinguish between different tenants. Furthermore, it is hard to predict how tenant requests propagate through the multiple layers of the execution environment down to the physical resource layer. The intended abstraction of the application from the resource controlling layers does not allow to solely solving this problem in the application. In this paper, we propose an approach which applies resource demand estimation techniques in combination with a request based admission control. The resource demand estimation is used to determine resource consumption information for individual requests. The admission control mechanism uses this knowledge to delay requests originating from tenants that exceed their allocated resource share. The proposed method is validated by a widely accepted benchmark showing its applicability in a setup motivated by today's platform environments.}

@inproceedings{KrSpAhKo2014_CCGrid_ResourceIsolation,
  abstract = {{Multi-tenancy is an approach to share one application instance among multiple customers by providing each of them a dedicated view. This approach is commonly used by SaaS providers to reduce the costs for service provisioning. Tenants also expect to be isolated in terms of the performance they observe and the providers inability to offer performance guarantees is a major obstacle for potential cloud customers. To guarantee an isolated performance it is essential to control the resources used by a tenant. This is a challenge, because the layers of the execution environment, responsible for controlling resource usage (e.g., operating system), normally do not have knowledge about entities defined at the application level and thus they cannot distinguish between different tenants. Furthermore, it is hard to predict how tenant requests propagate through the multiple layers of the execution environment down to the physical resource layer. The intended abstraction of the application from the resource controlling layers does not allow to solely solving this problem in the application. In this paper, we propose an approach which applies resource demand estimation techniques in combination with a request based admission control. The resource demand estimation is used to determine resource consumption information for individual requests. The admission control mechanism uses this knowledge to delay requests originating from tenants that exceed their allocated resource share. The proposed method is validated by a widely accepted benchmark showing its applicability in a setup motivated by today's platform environments.}},
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Spinner, Simon and Ahmed, Nadia and Kounev, Samuel},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid 2014)},
  keywords = {Self-adaptive-systems},
  month = {05},
  note = {Acceptance Rate: 19\% (54/283)},
  pages = {122-131},
  publisher = {IEEE/ACM},
  title = {{Resource Usage Control In Multi-Tenant Applications}},
  year = 2014
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrSpAhKo2014_CCGrid_ResourceIsolation
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Spinner, Simon
%A Ahmed, Nadia
%A Kounev, Samuel
%B Proceedings of the 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid 2014)
%D 2014
%I IEEE/ACM
%P 122-131
%T {Resource Usage Control In Multi-Tenant Applications}
%X {Multi-tenancy is an approach to share one application instance among multiple customers by providing each of them a dedicated view. This approach is commonly used by SaaS providers to reduce the costs for service provisioning. Tenants also expect to be isolated in terms of the performance they observe and the providers inability to offer performance guarantees is a major obstacle for potential cloud customers. To guarantee an isolated performance it is essential to control the resources used by a tenant. This is a challenge, because the layers of the execution environment, responsible for controlling resource usage (e.g., operating system), normally do not have knowledge about entities defined at the application level and thus they cannot distinguish between different tenants. Furthermore, it is hard to predict how tenant requests propagate through the multiple layers of the execution environment down to the physical resource layer. The intended abstraction of the application from the resource controlling layers does not allow to solely solving this problem in the application. In this paper, we propose an approach which applies resource demand estimation techniques in combination with a request based admission control. The resource demand estimation is used to determine resource consumption information for individual requests. The admission control mechanism uses this knowledge to delay requests originating from tenants that exceed their allocated resource share. The proposed method is validated by a widely accepted benchmark showing its applicability in a setup motivated by today's platform environments.}

{Locations for Performance Ensuring Admission Control in Load Balanced Multi-Tenant Systems}. Loesch, Manuel; Krebs, Rouven; in Communications in Computer and Information Science - Third International Conference, CLOSER 2013, Aachen, Germany, May 8-10, 2013, Selected Papers, Springer (ed.) (2014).

[ Abstract ]
[ BibTeX ]
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In the context of Software as a Service offerings, multi-tenant applications (MTAs) allow to increase the efficiency by sharing one application instance among several customers. Due to the tight coupling and sharing of resources on all layers up to the application layer, customers may influence each other with regards to the performance they observe. Existing research on performance isolation of MTAs focuses on methods and concrete algorithms. In this paper, we present concerns that are raised when serving a high amount of users in a load balancing cluster with multiple MTA instances. We identified potential positions in such an architecture where performance isolation can be enforced based on request admission control. Considering various approaches for request-to-instance allocation, our discussion shows that different positions come along with specific pros and cons that have influence on the ability to performance-isolate tenants.

@inproceedings{LoKr2014-CCIS-LocationsForIsolation,
  abstract = {In the context of Software as a Service offerings, multi-tenant applications (MTAs) allow to increase the efficiency by sharing one application instance among several customers. Due to the tight coupling and sharing of resources on all layers up to the application layer, customers may influence each other with regards to the performance they observe. Existing research on performance isolation of MTAs focuses on methods and concrete algorithms. In this paper, we present concerns that are raised when serving a high amount of users in a load balancing cluster with multiple MTA instances. We identified potential positions in such an architecture where performance isolation can be enforced based on request admission control. Considering various approaches for request-to-instance allocation, our discussion shows that different positions come along with specific pros and cons that have influence on the ability to performance-isolate tenants.},
  author = {Loesch, Manuel and Krebs, Rouven},
  booktitle = {Communications in Computer and Information Science - Third International Conference, CLOSER 2013, Aachen, Germany, May 8-10, 2013, Selected Papers},
  editor = {Springer},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = {05},
  title = {{Locations for Performance Ensuring Admission Control in Load Balanced Multi-Tenant Systems}},
  year = 2014
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 LoKr2014-CCIS-LocationsForIsolation
%A Loesch, Manuel
%A Krebs, Rouven
%B Communications in Computer and Information Science - Third International Conference, CLOSER 2013, Aachen, Germany, May 8-10, 2013, Selected Papers
%D 2014
%E Springer, 
%T {Locations for Performance Ensuring Admission Control in Load Balanced Multi-Tenant Systems}
%X In the context of Software as a Service offerings, multi-tenant applications (MTAs) allow to increase the efficiency by sharing one application instance among several customers. Due to the tight coupling and sharing of resources on all layers up to the application layer, customers may influence each other with regards to the performance they observe. Existing research on performance isolation of MTAs focuses on methods and concrete algorithms. In this paper, we present concerns that are raised when serving a high amount of users in a load balancing cluster with multiple MTA instances. We identified potential positions in such an architecture where performance isolation can be enforced based on request admission control. Considering various approaches for request-to-instance allocation, our discussion shows that different positions come along with specific pros and cons that have influence on the ability to performance-isolate tenants.

{Comparison of Request Admission Based Performance Isolation Approaches in Multi-Tenant SaaS Applications (Short Paper)}. Krebs, Rouven; Loesch, Manuel; in Proceedings of 4th International Conference On Cloud Computing And Services Science (CLOSER 2014) (2014). SciTePress.

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{Multi-tenancy is an approach to share one application instance among multiple customers by providing each of them a dedicated view. This approach is commonly used by SaaS providers to reduce the costs for service provisioning. Tenants also expect to be isolated in terms of the performance they observe and the providers inability to offer performance guarantees is a major obstacle for potential cloud customers. To guarantee an isolated performance it is essential to control the resources used by a tenant. This is a challenge, because the layers of the execution environment, responsible for controlling resource usage (e.g., operating system), normally do not have knowledge about entities defined at the application level and thus they cannot distinguish between different tenants. Furthermore, it is hard to predict how tenant requests propagate through the multiple layers of the execution environment down to the physical resource layer. The intended abstraction of the application from the resource controlling layers does not allow to solely solving this problem in the application. In this paper, we propose an approach which applies resource demand estimation techniques in combination with a request based admission control. The resource demand estimation is used to determine resource consumption information for individual requests. The admission control mechanism uses this knowledge to delay requests originating from tenants that exceed their allocated resource share. The proposed method is validated by a widely accepted benchmark showing its applicability in a setup motivated by todays platform environments.}

@inproceedings{KrLo2014_Closer_IsolationTypes,
  abstract = {{Multi-tenancy is an approach to share one application instance among multiple customers by providing each of them a dedicated view. This approach is commonly used by SaaS providers to reduce the costs for service provisioning. Tenants also expect to be isolated in terms of the performance they observe and the providers inability to offer performance guarantees is a major obstacle for potential cloud customers. To guarantee an isolated performance it is essential to control the resources used by a tenant. This is a challenge, because the layers of the execution environment, responsible for controlling resource usage (e.g., operating system), normally do not have knowledge about entities defined at the application level and thus they cannot distinguish between different tenants. Furthermore, it is hard to predict how tenant requests propagate through the multiple layers of the execution environment down to the physical resource layer. The intended abstraction of the application from the resource controlling layers does not allow to solely solving this problem in the application. In this paper, we propose an approach which applies resource demand estimation techniques in combination with a request based admission control. The resource demand estimation is used to determine resource consumption information for individual requests. The admission control mechanism uses this knowledge to delay requests originating from tenants that exceed their allocated resource share. The proposed method is validated by a widely accepted benchmark showing its applicability in a setup motivated by todays platform environments.}},
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Loesch, Manuel},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 4th International Conference On Cloud Computing And Services Science (CLOSER 2014)},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = {04},
  publisher = {SciTePress},
  title = {{Comparison of Request Admission Based Performance Isolation Approaches in Multi-Tenant SaaS Applications (Short Paper)}},
  year = 2014
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrLo2014_Closer_IsolationTypes
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Loesch, Manuel
%B Proceedings of 4th International Conference On Cloud Computing And Services Science (CLOSER 2014)
%D 2014
%I SciTePress
%T {Comparison of Request Admission Based Performance Isolation Approaches in Multi-Tenant SaaS Applications (Short Paper)}
%X {Multi-tenancy is an approach to share one application instance among multiple customers by providing each of them a dedicated view. This approach is commonly used by SaaS providers to reduce the costs for service provisioning. Tenants also expect to be isolated in terms of the performance they observe and the providers inability to offer performance guarantees is a major obstacle for potential cloud customers. To guarantee an isolated performance it is essential to control the resources used by a tenant. This is a challenge, because the layers of the execution environment, responsible for controlling resource usage (e.g., operating system), normally do not have knowledge about entities defined at the application level and thus they cannot distinguish between different tenants. Furthermore, it is hard to predict how tenant requests propagate through the multiple layers of the execution environment down to the physical resource layer. The intended abstraction of the application from the resource controlling layers does not allow to solely solving this problem in the application. In this paper, we propose an approach which applies resource demand estimation techniques in combination with a request based admission control. The resource demand estimation is used to determine resource consumption information for individual requests. The admission control mechanism uses this knowledge to delay requests originating from tenants that exceed their allocated resource share. The proposed method is validated by a widely accepted benchmark showing its applicability in a setup motivated by todays platform environments.}

{Optimization Method for Request Admission Control to Guarantee Performance Isolation}. Krebs, Rouven; Schneider, Philipp; Herbst, Nikolas; in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Service Scalability (HotTopiCS 2014), co-located with the 5th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE 2014) (2014). ACM.

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{Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) often shares one single application instance among different tenants to reduce costs. However, sharing potentially leads to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. Furthermore, providing one tenant additional resources to support its increasing demands without increasing the performance of tenants who do not pay for it is a major challenge. The application intentionally does not manage hardware resources, and the OS is not aware of application level entities like tenants. Thus, it is difficult to control the performance of different tenants to keep them isolated. These problems gain importance as performance is one of the major obstacles for cloud customers. Existing work applies request based admission control mechanisms like a weighted round robin with an individual queue for each tenant to control the share guaranteed for a tenant. However, the computation of the concrete weights for such an admission control is still challenging. In this paper, we present a fitness function and optimization approach reflecting various requirements from this field to compute proper weights with the goal to ensure an isolated performance as foundation to scale on a tenants basis.}

@inproceedings{KrScHe2014-HotTopiCS-OptimizationApproach,
  abstract = {{Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) often shares one single application instance among different tenants to reduce costs. However, sharing potentially leads to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. Furthermore, providing one tenant additional resources to support its increasing demands without increasing the performance of tenants who do not pay for it is a major challenge. The application intentionally does not manage hardware resources, and the OS is not aware of application level entities like tenants. Thus, it is difficult to control the performance of different tenants to keep them isolated. These problems gain importance as performance is one of the major obstacles for cloud customers. Existing work applies request based admission control mechanisms like a weighted round robin with an individual queue for each tenant to control the share guaranteed for a tenant. However, the computation of the concrete weights for such an admission control is still challenging. In this paper, we present a fitness function and optimization approach reflecting various requirements from this field to compute proper weights with the goal to ensure an isolated performance as foundation to scale on a tenants basis.}},
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Schneider, Philipp and Herbst, Nikolas},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Service Scalability (HotTopiCS 2014), co-located with the 5th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE 2014)},
  keywords = {Optimization},
  month = {03},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {{Optimization Method for Request Admission Control to Guarantee Performance Isolation}},
  year = 2014
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrScHe2014-HotTopiCS-OptimizationApproach
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Schneider, Philipp
%A Herbst, Nikolas
%B Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Service Scalability (HotTopiCS 2014), co-located with the 5th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE 2014)
%D 2014
%I ACM
%T {Optimization Method for Request Admission Control to Guarantee Performance Isolation}
%X {Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) often shares one single application instance among different tenants to reduce costs. However, sharing potentially leads to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. Furthermore, providing one tenant additional resources to support its increasing demands without increasing the performance of tenants who do not pay for it is a major challenge. The application intentionally does not manage hardware resources, and the OS is not aware of application level entities like tenants. Thus, it is difficult to control the performance of different tenants to keep them isolated. These problems gain importance as performance is one of the major obstacles for cloud customers. Existing work applies request based admission control mechanisms like a weighted round robin with an individual queue for each tenant to control the share guaranteed for a tenant. However, the computation of the concrete weights for such an admission control is still challenging. In this paper, we present a fitness function and optimization approach reflecting various requirements from this field to compute proper weights with the goal to ensure an isolated performance as foundation to scale on a tenants basis.}

{Metrics and Techniques for Quantifying Performance Isolation in Cloud Environments}. Krebs, Rouven; Momm, Christof; Kounev, Samuel; in Elsevier Science of Computer Programming Journal (SciCo) (2014). Vol. 90, Part B 116–134. Elsevier B.V.

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@article{KrMoKo2013-SciCo-MetricsAndTechniquesForPerformanceIsolation,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Momm, Christof and Kounev, Samuel},
  journal = {Elsevier Science of Computer Programming Journal (SciCo)},
  keywords = {Virtualization},
  month = {02},
  pages = {116–134},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  title = {{Metrics and Techniques for Quantifying Performance Isolation in Cloud Environments}},
  volume = {Vol. 90, Part B},
  year = 2014
}

%0 Journal Article
%1 KrMoKo2013-SciCo-MetricsAndTechniquesForPerformanceIsolation
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Momm, Christof
%A Kounev, Samuel
%D 2014
%I Elsevier B.V.
%J Elsevier Science of Computer Programming Journal (SciCo)
%P 116--134
%T {Metrics and Techniques for Quantifying Performance Isolation in Cloud Environments}
%V Vol. 90, Part B

{Multi-Tenancy Performance Benchmark for Web Application Platforms}. Krebs, Rouven; Wert, Alexander; Kounev, Samuel; in {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2013)} (2013). Springer-Verlag.

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@inproceedings{KrWeKo2013-icwe-MTBenchmark,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Wert, Alexander and Kounev, Samuel},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2013)}},
  keywords = {Virtualization},
  month = {07},
  organization = {Aalborg University, Denmark},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  title = {{Multi-Tenancy Performance Benchmark for Web Application Platforms}},
  year = 2013
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrWeKo2013-icwe-MTBenchmark
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Wert, Alexander
%A Kounev, Samuel
%B {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2013)}
%D 2013
%I Springer-Verlag
%T {Multi-Tenancy Performance Benchmark for Web Application Platforms}

{Conceptual Approach for Performance Isolation in Multi-Tenant Systems}. Loesch, Manuel; Krebs, Rouven; in {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Service Science (CLOSER 2013)} (2013). SciTePress.

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@inproceedings{LoKr2013-Closer-Isolation,
  author = {Loesch, Manuel and Krebs, Rouven},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Service Science (CLOSER 2013)}},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = {05},
  organization = {RWTH Aachen, Germany},
  publisher = {SciTePress},
  title = {{Conceptual Approach for Performance Isolation in Multi-Tenant Systems}},
  year = 2013
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 LoKr2013-Closer-Isolation
%A Loesch, Manuel
%A Krebs, Rouven
%B {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Service Science (CLOSER 2013)}
%D 2013
%I SciTePress
%T {Conceptual Approach for Performance Isolation in Multi-Tenant Systems}

Probabilistic tenant selection in quota enforcing Request Admission mechanisms for Shared Applications. Mehta, Arpit; Krebs, Rouven; (2013).

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]

@misc{Kr2014-uspatent-Probabilistic,
  author = {Mehta, Arpit and Krebs, Rouven},
  howpublished = {US Patent Application No 13/904,729},
  keywords = {se2},
  title = {Probabilistic tenant selection in quota enforcing Request Admission mechanisms for Shared Applications},
  year = 2013
}

%0 Generic
%1 Kr2014-uspatent-Probabilistic
%A Mehta, Arpit
%A Krebs, Rouven
%D 2013
%T Probabilistic tenant selection in quota enforcing Request Admission mechanisms for Shared Applications

Multi-Stage Feedback controller for prioritizing tenants for Multi-Tenant application. Krebs, Rouven; Mehta, Arpit; (2013).

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]

@misc{Kr2014-uspatent-Controller,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Mehta, Arpit},
  howpublished = {US Patent Application No 13/972,477},
  keywords = {se2},
  title = {Multi-Stage Feedback controller for prioritizing tenants for Multi-Tenant application},
  year = 2013
}

%0 Generic
%1 Kr2014-uspatent-Controller
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Mehta, Arpit
%D 2013
%T Multi-Stage Feedback controller for prioritizing tenants for Multi-Tenant application

{A Feedback Controlled Scheduler for Performance Isolation in Multi-tenant Applications}. Krebs, Rouven; Mehta, Arpit; in Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC 2013) (2013).

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@inproceedings{KrLoKo2013-CGC-FeedbackController,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Mehta, Arpit},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC 2013)},
  keywords = {t_poster},
  title = {{A Feedback Controlled Scheduler for Performance Isolation in Multi-tenant Applications}},
  year = 2013
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrLoKo2013-CGC-FeedbackController
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Mehta, Arpit
%B Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC 2013)
%D 2013
%T {A Feedback Controlled Scheduler for Performance Isolation in Multi-tenant Applications}

Application Level Based Resource Management in Multi-Tenant Applications. Krebs, Rouven; Mehta, Arpit; (2013).

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]

@misc{Kr2014-uspatent-ResourceControl,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Mehta, Arpit},
  howpublished = {US Patent Application No 14/079,289},
  keywords = {se2},
  title = {Application Level Based Resource Management in Multi-Tenant Applications},
  year = 2013
}

%0 Generic
%1 Kr2014-uspatent-ResourceControl
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Mehta, Arpit
%D 2013
%T Application Level Based Resource Management in Multi-Tenant Applications

Automated Inference of Goal-oriented Performance Prediction Functions. Westermann, Dennis; Happe, Jens; Krebs, Rouven; Farahbod, Roozbeh; in Proceedings of the 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference On Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2012) (2012).

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]

@inproceedings{westermann2012b,
  author = {Westermann, Dennis and Happe, Jens and Krebs, Rouven and Farahbod, Roozbeh},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference On Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2012)},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = {09},
  title = {Automated Inference of Goal-oriented Performance Prediction Functions},
  year = 2012
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 westermann2012b
%A Westermann, Dennis
%A Happe, Jens
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Farahbod, Roozbeh
%B Proceedings of the 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference On Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2012)
%D 2012
%T Automated Inference of Goal-oriented Performance Prediction Functions

{M}etrics and {T}echniques for {Q}uantifying {P}erformance {I}solation in {C}loud {E}nvironments. Krebs, Rouven; Momm, Christof; Kounev, Samuel; in Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSOFT International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA 2012), B. Buhnova, A. Vallecillo (eds.) (2012). 91–100. ACM Press, New York, USA.

Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 25.6\%

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]
[ URL ]
[ Download ]

@inproceedings{KrMoKo2012-QoSA-QuantifyingPerfIsoMetrics,
  address = {New York, USA},
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Momm, Christof and Kounev, Samuel},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSOFT International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA 2012)},
  editor = {Buhnova, Barbora and Vallecillo, Antonio},
  keywords = {Application_quality_of_service_management},
  month = {06},
  note = {Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 25.6\%},
  pages = {91–100},
  publisher = {ACM Press},
  title = {{M}etrics and {T}echniques for {Q}uantifying {P}erformance {I}solation in {C}loud {E}nvironments},
  year = 2012
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrMoKo2012-QoSA-QuantifyingPerfIsoMetrics
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Momm, Christof
%A Kounev, Samuel
%B Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSOFT International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA 2012)
%C New York, USA
%D 2012
%E Buhnova, Barbora
%E Vallecillo, Antonio
%I ACM Press
%P 91--100
%T {M}etrics and {T}echniques for {Q}uantifying {P}erformance {I}solation in {C}loud {E}nvironments
%U http://qosa.ipd.kit.edu/qosa_2012/

{Architectural Concerns in Multi-Tenant SaaS Applications}. Krebs, Rouven; Momm, Christof; Kounev, Samuel; in {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2012)} (2012). SciTePress.

[ BibTeX ]
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@inproceedings{KrMoKo2012-closer-multitenant-saas,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Momm, Christof and Kounev, Samuel},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2012)}},
  keywords = {Application_quality_of_service_management},
  month = {04},
  publisher = {SciTePress},
  title = {{Architectural Concerns in Multi-Tenant SaaS Applications}},
  year = 2012
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 KrMoKo2012-closer-multitenant-saas
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Momm, Christof
%A Kounev, Samuel
%B {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2012)}
%D 2012
%I SciTePress
%T {Architectural Concerns in Multi-Tenant SaaS Applications}

{E}fficient {E}xperiment {S}election in {A}utomated {S}oftware {P}erformance {E}valuations. Westermann, Dennis; Krebs, Rouven; Happe, Jens; in Proceedings of the Computer Performance Engineering - 8th European Performance Engineering Workshop (EPEW 2011) (2011). 325–339. Springer.

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[ EndNote ]
[ Download ]

@inproceedings{Westermann2011b,
  author = {Westermann, Dennis and Krebs, Rouven and Happe, Jens},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Computer Performance Engineering - 8th European Performance Engineering Workshop (EPEW 2011)},
  keywords = {t_workshop},
  month = 10,
  pages = {325-339},
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {{E}fficient {E}xperiment {S}election in {A}utomated {S}oftware {P}erformance {E}valuations},
  year = 2011
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 Westermann2011b
%A Westermann, Dennis
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Happe, Jens
%B Proceedings of the Computer Performance Engineering - 8th European Performance Engineering Workshop (EPEW 2011)
%D 2011
%I Springer
%P 325-339
%T {E}fficient {E}xperiment {S}election in {A}utomated {S}oftware {P}erformance {E}valuations

{A} {Q}ualitative {D}iscussion of {D}ifferent {A}pproaches for {I}mplementing {M}ulti-{T}enant {S}aa{S} {O}fferings. Momm, Christof; Krebs, Rouven; in Proceedings of the Software Engineering 2011 -- Workshopband (ESoSyM-2011), R. Reussner, A. amd J. {Pretschner (eds.) (2011). 139–150. Bonner K{ö}llen Verlag, Bonn-Buschdorf, Germany.

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@inproceedings{MoKr2011-esosym-qualitative-discussion,
  address = {Bonn-Buschdorf, Germany},
  author = {Momm, Christof and Krebs, Rouven},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Software Engineering 2011 – Workshopband (ESoSyM-2011)},
  editor = {Reussner, Ralf and {Pretschner, Alexander amd J{\"a}hnichen}, Stefan},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = {02},
  organization = {Fachgruppe OOSE der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik und ihrer Arbeitskreise},
  pages = {139–150},
  publisher = {Bonner K{\"o}llen Verlag},
  title = {{A} {Q}ualitative {D}iscussion of {D}ifferent {A}pproaches for {I}mplementing {M}ulti-{T}enant {S}aa{S} {O}fferings},
  year = 2011
}

%0 Conference Paper
%1 MoKr2011-esosym-qualitative-discussion
%A Momm, Christof
%A Krebs, Rouven
%B Proceedings of the Software Engineering 2011 -- Workshopband (ESoSyM-2011)
%C Bonn-Buschdorf, Germany
%D 2011
%E Reussner, Ralf
%E {Pretschner, Alexander amd J{ä}hnichen}
%I Bonner K{ö}llen Verlag
%P 139--150
%T {A} {Q}ualitative {D}iscussion of {D}ifferent {A}pproaches for {I}mplementing {M}ulti-{T}enant {S}aa{S} {O}fferings

Combination of measurement and model based approaches for performance prediction in service oriented systems. Krebs, Rouven; (2010, October). University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe, Moltkestr. 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany.

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]

@mastersthesis{Krebs2010a,
  address = {Moltkestr. 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Krebs, Rouven},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = 10,
  school = {University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe},
  title = {Combination of measurement and model based approaches for performance prediction in service oriented systems},
  year = 2010
}

%0 Thesis
%1 Krebs2010a
%A Krebs, Rouven
%C Moltkestr. 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
%D 2010
%T Combination of measurement and model based approaches for performance prediction in service oriented systems

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MANAGING LEARNING MATERIALS PRESENTED OFFLINE. Krebs, Rouven; Hochwarth, Christian; (2010, April).

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]

@misc{Kr2010-uspatent-offline-content,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven and Hochwarth, Christian},
  howpublished = {Patent US8644755},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = {04},
  title = {METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MANAGING LEARNING MATERIALS PRESENTED OFFLINE},
  year = 2010
}

%0 Generic
%1 Kr2010-uspatent-offline-content
%A Krebs, Rouven
%A Hochwarth, Christian
%D 2010
%T METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MANAGING LEARNING MATERIALS PRESENTED OFFLINE

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FOR AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING STRATEGY. Krebs, Rouven; (2010, March).

[ BibTeX ]
[ EndNote ]

@misc{Kr2010-uspatent-adaptive-elearning,
  author = {Krebs, Rouven},
  howpublished = {Patent US8108327},
  keywords = {se2},
  month = {03},
  title = {METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FOR AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING STRATEGY},
  year = 2010
}

%0 Generic
%1 Kr2010-uspatent-adaptive-elearning
%A Krebs, Rouven
%D 2010
%T METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FOR AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING STRATEGY

Publications of Rouven Krebs

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